CosmeticSurgeryFortworth.org

CosmeticSurgeryFortworth.org is a very popular form of surgery; as an example, the American Society of Plastic Surgeons reported that in 2006 nearly 11 million cosmetic plastic surgeries were performed in the United States alone.

Within the U.S,. critics of plastic surgery note that it is legal for any doctor, regardless of speciality, to perform cosmetic surgery. It is thus important to distinguish the terms "plastic surgery" and "CosmeticSurgeryFortworth.org": Plastic Surgery is recognized by the American Board of Medical Specialties as the subspecialty dedicated to the surgical repair of defects of form or function -- this includes cosmetic (or aesthetic) surgery, as well as reconstructive surgery. The term "cosmetic surgery" however, refers to surgery that is designed to improve cosmetics, or appearance. In several countries including Australia , many doctors who are not qualified as surgeons also perform cosmetic procedures.

The most prevalent aesthetic/cosmetic procedures are listed below. Most of these types of surgery are more commonly known by their "common names." These are also listed when pertinent.

Abdominoplasty (or "tummy tuck"): reshaping and firming of the abdomen

Blepharoplasty (or "eyelid surgery"): Reshaping of the eyelids or the application of permanent eyeliner, including Asian blepharoplasty

Augmentation Mammaplasty/breast augmentation (or "breast enlargement" or "boob job"): Augmentation of the breasts. This can involve either saline or silicone gel prosthetics.

Buttock Augmentation (or "butt augmentation" or "butt implants"): Enhancement of the buttocks. This procedure can be performed by using silicone implants or fat grafting and transfer from other areas of the body.

Chemical peel: Minimizing the appearance of acne, pock, and other scars as well as wrinkles (depending on concentration and type of agent used, except for deep furrows), solar lentigines (age spots, freckles), and photodamage in general. Chemical peels commonly involve carbolic acid (Phenol), trichloroacetic acid (TCA), glycolic acid (AHA), or salicylic acid (BHA) as the active agent.

Mastopexy (or "breast lift"): Raising or reshaping of breasts

Labiaplasty: Surgical reduction and reshaping of the labia

Rhinoplasty (or "nose job"): Reshaping of the nose

Otoplasty (or ear surgery): Reshaping of the ear

Rhytidectomy (or "face lift"): Removal of wrinkles and signs of aging from the face

Suction-Assisted Lipectomy (or liposuction): Removal of fat from the body

Chin augmentation: Augmentation of the chin with an implant (e.g. silicone) or by sliding genioplasty of the jawbone.

Cheek augmentation

Collagen, fat, and other tissue filler injections (eg hyaluronic acid)

Laser skin resurfacing

Injection of dermal fillers (collagen, hyaluronic acid, fat, and others

The history of CosmeticSurgeryFortworth.org reaches back to the 700's BCE. Physicians in ancient India including Sushruta were utilizing skin grafts for reconstructive work as early as the 8th century BC. His work Sushruta Samhita describes rhinoplasty and otoplasty. This knowledge of plastic surgery existed in India up to the late 18th century as can be seen from the reports published in Gentleman's Magazine (October 1794).

The Romans were able to perform simple techniques such as repairing damaged ears from around the 1st century BC. In mid-15th century Europe , Heinrich von Pfolspeundt described a process "to make a new nose for one who lacks it entirely, and the dogs have devoured it" by removing skin from the back of the arm and suturing it in place. However, because of the dangers associated with surgery in any form, especially that involving the head or face, it was not until the 19th and 20th centuries that such surgery became commonplace.

Up until the techniques of anesthesia became established, all surgery on healthy tissues involved great pain. Infection from surgery was reduced once sterile technique and disinfectants were introduced. The invention and use of antibiotics beginning with sulfa drugs and penicillin was another step in making elective surgery possible.

Chopart in 1791 performed operative procedure of a lip using a flap from the neck. Joseph Carpue in 1814 successfully performed operative procedure in a British military officer who had lost his nose to the toxic effects of mercury treatments.Carl Von Graefe the German surgeon in 1818 published his major work entitled Rhinoplastik. Carl Von Graefe modified the Italian method using a free skin graft from the arm instead of the original delayed pedicle flap.In 1845 Dieffenbach wrote a comprehensive text on rhinoplasty , entitled "Operative Chirurgie". He introduced the concept of reoperation to improve the cosmetic appearance of the reconstructed nose. In 1891 John Roe, an American otorhinolaryngologist presented an example of his work, a young woman on whom he reduced a dorsal nasal hump for cosmetic indications. In 1892 Robert Weir experimented unsuccessfully with xenografts (duck sternum) in the reconstruction of sunken noses. In 1896 James Israel, a urological surgeon from Germany, and In 1989 George Monks of the United States each described the successful use of heterogeneous free-bone grafting to reconstruct saddle nose defects. In 1898 Jacques Joseph, the German orthopaedic-trained surgeon, published his first account of reduction rhinoplasty . In 1928 Jacques Joseph published "Nasenplastik und Sonstige Gesichtsplastik".

The U.S. 's first plastic surgeon was Dr. John Peter Mettauer. He performed the first cleft palate operation in 1827 with instruments that he designed himself. The New Zealander Sir Harold Gillies developed many of the techniques of modern CosmeticSurgeryFortworth.org in caring for those who suffered facial injuries in World War I, he is considered to be the father of modern CosmeticSurgeryFortworth.org. His work was expanded upon during World War II by one of his former students and cousin, Archibald McIndoe, who pioneered treatments for RAF aircrew suffering from severe burns. McIndoe's radical, experimental treatments, lead to the formation of the Guinea Pig Club.

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